Ngā Rauropi Whakaoranga

Simpson visited 17 pa sites in Taranaki and Wanganui, noting features of ethnobotanical interest. 10 had cabbage trees growing on them. Harakeke (Phormium tenax) and karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) were common. Sometimes adjacent patches of bush have totara trees with bark strips or patches removed.

Note: karaka tree at Okoki pa site with very large seeds, used as a source of food.